Palestinians certain to win recognition as a state

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, right, shakes hands with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at U.N. headquarters Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, right, shakes hands with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at U.N. headquarters Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, right, meets with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at U.N. headquarters Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas arrives at the United Nations Plaza Hotel, Tuesday, Nov. 27, 2012, in New York. The Palestinians predicted a historic U.N. vote recognizing their statehood this week, praising important new support from France on Tuesday and likely backing from other European nations seen as critical to enhancing their international standing. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, right, shakes hands with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at U.N. headquarters Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)

UNITED NATIONS (AP) ? The Palestinians are certain to win U.N. recognition as a state on Thursday but success could exact a high price: delaying an independent state of Palestine because of Israel's vehement opposition.

The United States, Israel's closest ally, mounted an aggressive campaign to head off the General Assembly vote, which the Palestinians view as a historic step in their quest for global recognition.

The Palestinians say they need U.N. recognition of a Palestinian state in the West Bank, Gaza and east Jerusalem, the lands Israel captured in 1967, to be able to resume negotiations with Israel and the non-member observer state status could also open the way for possible war crimes charges against the Jewish state at the International Criminal Court.

In a last-ditch move Wednesday, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State William Burns made a personal appeal to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas promising that President Barack Obama would re-engage as a mediator in 2013 if Abbas abandoned the effort to seek statehood. But the Palestinian leader refused, said Abbas aide Saeb Erekat.

For Abbas, the U.N. bid is crucial if he wants to maintain his leadership and relevance, especially following the recent conflict between his Hamas rivals in Gaza and Israel. It saw the Islamic militant group claim victory and raise its standing in the Arab world while his Fatah movement was sidelined and marginalized.

The Palestinians chose the "International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People" for the vote. Before it takes place, there will be a morning of speeches by supporters focusing on the rights of the Palestinians. Abbas is scheduled to be a speaker at that meeting, and again in the afternoon when he will present the case for Palestinian statehood in the General Assembly.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned Wednesday that the U.N. vote will not fulfill the goal of independent Palestinian and Israeli states living side by side in peace, which the U.S. strongly supports because that requires direct negotiations.

"We need an environment conducive to that," she told reporters in Washington. "And we've urged both parties to refrain from actions that might in any way make a return to meaningful negotiations that focus on getting to a resolution more difficult."

The U.S. Congress has threatened financial sanctions if the Palestinians improve their status at the United Nations.

Ahead of the vote, Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch filed an amendment to a defense bill Wednesday that would eliminate funding for the United Nations if the General Assembly changes Palestine's status.

"Increasing the Palestinians' role in the United Nations is absolutely the wrong approach, especially in light of recent military developments in the Middle East," he said in a statement. "Israel is one of America's closest allies, and any movement to strengthen one of its fiercest enemies must not be tolerated."

Israeli government spokesman Mark Regev said that by going to the U.N., the Palestinians violate "both the spirit and the word of signed agreements to solve issues through negotiations," which broke down four years ago.

But Israeli officials appeared to back away from threats of drastic measures if the Palestinians get U.N. approval, with officials suggesting the government would take steps only if the Palestinians use their new status to act against Israel.

Regev, meanwhile, affirmed that Israel is willing to resume talks without preconditions.

U.N. diplomats said they will be listening closely to Abbas' speech to the General Assembly on Thursday afternoon before the vote to see if he makes an offer of fresh negotiations with no strings, which could lead to new talks. The Palestinians have been demanding a freeze on Israeli settlements as a precondition.

As a sign of the importance Israel attaches to the vote, Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman flew to New York and was scheduled to meet Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon before the vote. Israel's U.N. Ambassador Ron Prosor had been scheduled to speak in the General Assembly after Abbas, but it appears Lieberman may now make Israel's case opposing the resolution.

Unlike the Security Council, there are no vetoes in the General Assembly. The 193-member world body is dominated by countries sympathetic to the Palestinian cause and the resolution to raise its status from an observer to a nonmember observer state only requires a majority vote for approval. To date, 132 countries ? over two-thirds of the U.N. member states ? have recognized the state of Palestine.

The Palestinians have been courting Western nations, especially the Europeans, seen as critical to enhancing their international standing. A number have announced they will vote "yes" including France, Spain, Norway, Denmark and Switzerland. Those opposed or abstaining include the U.S., Israel, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands and Australia.

A high vote could boost Abbas' standing.

"If there is a poor turnout, a poor vote, the radicals gain," said India's U.N. Ambassador Hardeep Singh Puri.

The Palestinians turned to the General Assembly after the United States announced it would veto their bid last fall for full U.N. membership until there is a peace deal with Israel.

Following last year's move by the Palestinians to join the U.N. cultural agency UNESCO, the United States withheld funds from the organization, which amount to 22 percent of its budget. The U.S. also withheld money to the Palestinians.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-11-29-UN-Palestinians-Status/id-292faed7498c490394d170f44cdf8f2e

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Greece debt relief lies ahead, despite latest eurozone - Financial Post

BRUSSELS ? Within minutes of eurozone finance ministers reaching a deal to cut Greece?s debt late on Monday, commentators on Twitter were dismissing it as another exercise in ?kicking the can down the road?.

To an extent that is true. Under the agreement, the euro zone and the International Monetary Fund will give Greece two more years to reach its budget goals and will find another 44-billion euros (US$57-billion) to keep the country afloat in the meantime.

But while a degree of can-kicking may be going on, there was a critical element in Monday night?s deal that goes a lot further than any other step taken so far in the debt crisis to get Greece back on its feet.

We will, if need be, consider further measures for the reduction of the total debt

Implicit was an understanding that Greece will undergo some form of official-sector debt restructuring ? with eurozone countries forgiving a portion of Greece?s debt ? at some point in the future, the sort of last-ditch measure usually reserved for impoverished states in Africa and Latin America.

At a news conference in the early hours of Tuesday, German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble came closer than he has ever done before to publicly acknowledging that creditors face such an eventuality ? a move that will be very hard for the likes of Germany, Finland, Austria and the Netherlands to take.

?When Greece has achieved, or is set to achieve, a primary surplus and fulfilled all of its conditions, we will, if need be, consider further measures for the reduction of the total debt,? he said, looking weary after 13 hours of negotiations.

The timing and reference to a primary surplus are important.

The Greek economy is forecast to return to growth during 2014 and to achieve a primary budget surplus ? the balance before deducting the cost of debt financing ? of 4.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2016.

By the end of that year, the EU-IMF assistance program should be over and Greece will in theory be on its own, financing itself in the financial markets in the normal way.

Monday night?s deal took care of the extra financing Greece will need between 2014 and 2016 and set out a series of steps the eurozone and Greece will take to get its debt level down from around 190% of GDP next year to 124% by 2020.

But what it didn?t set out in precise detail is how Greek debt will go on falling, from 124% of GDP in 2020 to 110% in 2022 and 88% in 2030, as agreed during the talks.

And it didn?t say how Greece is expected to win back market confidence in 2016 even though its debt level that year is still expected to be 175% of GDP.

The answer is a combination of lower interest rates and longer maturities being applied to loans to Greece, Athens paying down more of its own debt thanks to growth and the potential for eurozone states to write down their loans.

?Euro area member states will consider further measures and assistance, including lower co-financing in structural funds and/or a further rate reduction in the Greek loan facility if necessary,? said Olli Rehn, the commissioner for economic and monetary affairs, again hinting at the possibility of a more fundamental overhaul of debt at some future point.

A European Union official closely involved in the discussions on Greece said there was a general unwillingness among eurozone countries to acknowledge that they may have to forgive some of the 127-billion euros they have so far lent to Greece, even if all of them know the issue can?t be avoided forever.

In order to make Greece?s debt sustainable in the long term, the IMF has determined that it must be cut to around 120% by 2020 and 110% by 2022. But there is no guarantee those levels will be sustainable on those dates.

As a result, the prospect of a debt writedown has to remain, especially as the eurozone countries, who will soon be responsible for around three quarters of all Greek debt, have said time and again that they will do what is necessary to keep Greece afloat and in the euro zone.

The EU official said the best option would be for eurozone countries to bite the bullet and write down 40-50 billion euros of loans to Greece in 2016 or shortly afterwards, so that its debt-to-GDP ratio is aggressively reduced and the country can more easily return to financial markets.

But that is unlikely to happen, since no member state wants to write down any Greek debt, the cost of which would be born by taxpayers. Each state will do everything possible to ensure that any writedown, if it must happen, is as small as possible.

?If you were really going to help Greece, you?d write off enough debt to get the ratio down to 60% of GDP, which is a decently sustainable level,? the official said. ?But that?s never going to happen. No one?s going to buy that.?

Instead, the possibility of debt forgiveness will hang over the eurozone for the next four years and will, whether countries like it or not, have to be tackled at some point.

? Thomson Reuters 2012

Source: http://business.financialpost.com/2012/11/27/greece-debt-relief-lies-ahead-despite-latest-eurozone-deal/

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Arctic permafrost is melting faster than predicted

We may be closer to a major climate tipping point than we knew. Earth's permafrost ? frozen soil that covers nearly a quarter of the northern hemisphere and traps vast amounts of carbon ? may be melting faster than thought and releasing more potent greenhouse gasses.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released a report yesterday reviewing the most up-to-date research on Arctic permafrost. It claims temperature projections due in 2014 from the International Panel on Climate Change are "likely to be biased on the low side" because the IPCC does not take into account the positive feedback cycle of permafrost melting and releasing greenhouse gases.

"Overall, these observations indicate that large-scale thawing of the permafrost may already have started", the UNEP report warns. It calls on governments to monitor permafrost in greater detail and urges communities in permafrost areas to develop plans for managing any damage to infrastructure caused by the frozen soil melting.

But even these calls might be downplaying both the extent of the melting and the severity of the warming it could cause, according to NASA researchers doing groundbreaking research. Using a plane flying just 150 metres above the ground, the team has been measuring levels of both carbon dioxide and methane above the Arctic.

Elevated values

The NASA team has not yet finished analysing the data, some of which will be presented at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco next week. But preliminary results are already suggesting that levels of greenhouse gases in some Arctic areas are much higher than climate models have predicted, says Charles Miller of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, the principal investigator on the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE).

"I have been surprised by some of the elevated values that we've seen," he says. That indicates the permafrost is melting faster than expected.

The early findings also suggest that more methane ? a greenhouse gas that is about 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over 100 years ? is being released than models have predicted. The result agrees with other recent studies. Miller says climate models do not have a good grasp on how much methane will be emitted by the melting permafrost.

Pep Canadell, executive director of the Global Carbon Project in Canberra, Australia, says one exciting aspect of the NASA project is its attempt to locate where these greenhouse gases are coming from.

By flying at low altitude, the team is able to measure changes in the levels of gases over much smaller distances and time intervals than previous research flights, which have flown about 2 kilometres higher. "Those get measurements on a regional scale," says Miller. "There's a great deal of local information to be found flying this close to the surface."

Miller says the factors driving the release of gases are found on these small scales. "The vegetation, the relative heights of the land and the water table ? these so called 'micro-topographic' variabilities really seem to be driving what's going on in terms of release of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere."

Early warning

Another benefit of finer-grained measurements is their ability to give early warning of that major change ? a large methane release for instance ? is under way. Miller says they have no evidence for this as yet.

The team are also doing a lot more repeat measurements over a much longer period of time. Whereas previous studies have typically had four or five flight days over a six-week period, CARVE has flown for two weeks per month between April and October this year, its first year of experiments. It will carry out the same pattern of flights over the next four years.

One big question is how much of the 1700 billion tonnes of carbon locked in the permafrost as frozen organic matter will be released as methane and how much as CO₂if there is a thaw. Miller says that if the region gets warmer and drier, the microbes that thrive will be the type that produce CO₂. But if it gets warmer and wetter, they will tend to produce more of the potent methane.

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NY, NJ put $71 billion price tag on Sandy

Mark Lennihan / AP file

A piece of construction equipment works on the pile of debris, collected during the cleanup from superstorm Sandy, in the parking lot of Jacob Riis Park in the Rockaway section of the Queens borough of New York, Nov. 14.

By Hilary Russ , Reuters

New York state and New Jersey need at least $71.3 billion to recover from the devastation wrought by superstorm Sandy and prevent similar damage from future storms, according to their latest estimates.

The total, which could grow, came as New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said on Monday the state will need $41.9 billion, including $32.8 billion to repair and restore damaged housing, parks and infrastructure and to cover lost revenue and other expenses. The figure also includes $9.1 billion to mitigate potential damage from future severe weather events, Cuomo said.?

Neighboring New Jersey, which saw massive damage to its transit system and coastline, suffered at least $29.4 billion in overall losses, according to a preliminary analysis released by Gov. Chris Christie's office Friday. The preliminary cost estimate includes federal aid New Jersey has received so far.?

---

By some measures, Sandy was worse than Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, which tore into the U.S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Cuomo said.?

Sandy destroyed 305,000 houses in New York state - a still provisional number that's likely to grow - compared with the 214,700 destroyed in Louisiana by Katrina and Rita.?

Sandy also caused nearly 2.2 million power outages at its peak in the state, compared with 800,000 from Katrina and Rita in Louisiana, and impacted 265,300 businesses compared to 18,700, Cuomo said.?

While Sandy may have damaged more homes and businesses, Katrina took a far greater toll on human lives, killing more than 1,800 people directly or indirectly. Sandy, by comparison, is believed to have killed at least 121 people.?

"Hurricane Katrina got a lot of notoriety for the way government handled -- or mishandled, depending on your point of view -- the situation," Cuomo said at a press conference.?

But considering the dense population of the area Sandy impacted and costs to the economy, housing and businesses, the damage done "was much larger in Hurricane Sandy than in Hurricane Katrina, and that puts this entire conversation, I believe, in focus," Cuomo said.?

New York to hire 5,000 temp workers for Sandy cleanup

Sandy made landfall in New Jersey on Oct. 29. It blasted through the Northeastern U.S., devastating homes, forcing evacuations, crippling power systems and shutting down New York City's subway system for days.?

The total cost to the region is still not known as estimates of the damage, as well as future repair and prevention costs, continue to come in from states, cities and counties.?

Watch the most-viewed videos on NBCNews.com

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said on Monday he will ask Congress for $9.8 billion to pay for Sandy costs not covered by insurance or other federal funds.?

In a letter to New York's congressional delegation, Bloomberg said public, private and indirect losses to the city from the devastating late-October storm stood at $19 billion.?

Of that, private insurance is expected to cover $3.8 billion, with Federal Emergency Management Agency reimbursements to cover at least an additional $5.4 billion, Bloomberg said in a statement.?

The city still will need the additional $9.8 billion to help pay for costs that FEMA does not cover, like hazard mitigation, long-term housing, shoreline restoration and protection efforts, he said.

Mario Tama / Getty Images

Residents of the Northeast are still picking up the pieces after Superstorm Sandy.

Whatever the final tally, officials are beginning to pressure Congress for federal assistance.?

Cuomo met on Monday with the state's congressional delegation and county officials. U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand said in a statement that New York's Congressional delegation will push hard for additional federal funding.?

"The federal government has a clear responsibility to commit all of the necessary resources to help us rebuild," she said.?

Getting federal funds could be a tough fight, because of pressure on lawmakers to cut spending and raise taxes in order to shrink the federal deficit.?

"This will be an effort that lasts not weeks, but many months, and we will not rest until the federal response meets New York's deep and extensive needs," said U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer in a statement.?

Cuomo's earlier estimates had pegged the total amount of damages for the region at $50 billion, with about $33 billion of that incurred in New York state.?

In New York City, Bloomberg said on Monday that the city had about $4.8 billion of uninsured private losses, $3.8 billion of insured private losses, and $4.5 billion in losses to city agencies.?

Reconstructing the city's damaged roads alone could cost nearly $800 million, Bloomberg said. New York City, a financial and tourism center, also lost about $5.7 billion in gross city product, he said.?

Included in Cuomo's nearly $9.1 billion of mitigation costs are what he called "common sense" actions, like flood protection for the World Trade center site, roads, subway tunnels and sewage treatment plants, as well as power generators for the region's fuel supply system and backup power for health care facilities.?

"We will see new projects," said Mysore Nagaraja, former president of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Capital Construction Co.?

"In order to justify whatever money they finally end up getting, they have to come up with this list of projects that need to be done so that the future Sandy will not have the impact it had this time," he said.?

Nagaraja is currently chairman of Spartan Solutions LLC, an infrastructure consulting firm.?

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Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/26/15463835-new-york-new-jersey-put-71-billion-price-tag-on-sandy?lite

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Surface analysis techniques for advanced materials enhance Mazovia's research potential

Public release date: 27-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Aleksander Jablonski
ajablonski@ichf.edu.pl
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Properties of several of the most external atomic layers of materials can be studied at Mazovia Centre for Surface Analysis by a number of modern techniques. Just opened at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, the Centre provides a spectrum of surface analysis tools including a state-of-the-art scanning electron microscope and specialised spectroscopic equipment for surface studies in high and ultra high vacuum.

The Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis (MCSA) has opened today at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS) in Warsaw, Poland. The Centre is housing research instruments financed from different programs, among other from EU-funded NOBLESSE project. This equipment allows studies of material samples with over a dozen spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

"Laboratories working with scanning techniques had since long been operated at our Institute. Now we have upgraded their equipment, and the European funds allowed us for buying the last missing component, the electron microscope. All that was left to do was to dot the i's and to merge the laboratories into one unit specialising in surface analysis techniques", explains Prof. Robert Ho?yst, the managing director of the IPC PAS.

The ceremony was combined with the opening of a new, three-story laboratory building, apart from the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis providing space for the laboratories working on nanostructures and microfluidics, and also in part for the CHEMIPAN R&D Laboratories, operating as part of the IPC PAS and synthesising chemicals used for protection of the environment.

The analysis of materials surface properties plays a substantial role in science and industry. Even tiny amounts of impurities in a solid, on a few molecules per million scale, may emerge out of the material and cover its surface. The layer resulting from such a segregation significantly modifies the properties of the sample. At present, the equipment at the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis allows for analysing physico-chemical properties of even only two the most external atomic layers of the sample. The results of the analyses are used, for instance, in materials engineering and electronics.

The most essential equipment of the Centre include: a PHI 5000 VersaProbe multi-chamber spectrometer, an ESCALAB-210 spectrometer, a NanoSEM 450 scanning electron microscope, a MICROLAB 350 scanning Auger microanalyser, and an Autolab PGSTAT302N Electrochemical System for Corrosion Studies.

"At present, the Centre provides over a dozen surface science techniques for studying the surfaces of solids, including photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger spectroscopy, tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and others. It's quite a unique mix of methods used in a single ultra high vacuum", says Prof. Aleksander Jab?o?ski, the head of the MCSA. "It's also noteworthy that our equipment will be recorded in the ELAD an electronic laboratory equipment database, designed for the use by small and medium-size enterprises and research institutions cooperating under the Mazovian Valley of Green Chemistry project", he adds.

Much of the measurement time at the MCSA is devoted to orders from scientific and research institutions belonging to the NANOBIOM consortium, working on application of quantum semiconductor nanostructures in biology and medicine. "At present, 40% of the research time is related to the commissioned work, more and more often for the industry. All in all, we collaborated with nearly one hundred external organisations. And it's to be remembered that we are also doing our own research using our equipment", stresses Prof. Jab?o?ski.

The opening ceremony of the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis was attended by the representatives of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the local self-government authorities, the Mazovian Valley of Green Chemistry and representatives of over a dozen higher education institutions and research and scientific organisations including the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the PAS, the Institute of Physics of the PAS, the Institute of High Pressure Physics of the PAS, the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, the Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, the Pharmaceutical Research Institute, the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw University, and Military University of Technology.

This press release was prepared thanks to the NOBLESSE grant under the activity "Research potential" of the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union.

###

The Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences was established in 1955 as one of the first chemical institutes of the PAS. The Institute's scientific profile is strongly related to the newest global trends in the development of physical chemistry and chemical physics. Scientific research is conducted in nine scientific departments. CHEMIPAN R&D Laboratories, operating as part of the Institute, implement, produce and commercialise specialist chemicals to be used, in particular, in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. The Institute publishes approximately 200 original research papers annually.

CONTACTS:

Prof. Robert Ho?yst
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
tel. +48 22 3433123
email: rholyst@ichf.edu.pl

Prof. Aleksander Jab?o?ski
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
tel. +48 22 3433331
email: ajablonski@ichf.edu.pl

RELATED LINKS:

http://ichf.edu.pl/res/res_pl/labs/mcap/mcap_pl.html

Website of the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis.

http://www.ichf.edu.pl/

Website of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

http://www.ichf.edu.pl/press/

Press releases of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the PAS.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 27-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Aleksander Jablonski
ajablonski@ichf.edu.pl
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Properties of several of the most external atomic layers of materials can be studied at Mazovia Centre for Surface Analysis by a number of modern techniques. Just opened at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, the Centre provides a spectrum of surface analysis tools including a state-of-the-art scanning electron microscope and specialised spectroscopic equipment for surface studies in high and ultra high vacuum.

The Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis (MCSA) has opened today at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS) in Warsaw, Poland. The Centre is housing research instruments financed from different programs, among other from EU-funded NOBLESSE project. This equipment allows studies of material samples with over a dozen spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

"Laboratories working with scanning techniques had since long been operated at our Institute. Now we have upgraded their equipment, and the European funds allowed us for buying the last missing component, the electron microscope. All that was left to do was to dot the i's and to merge the laboratories into one unit specialising in surface analysis techniques", explains Prof. Robert Ho?yst, the managing director of the IPC PAS.

The ceremony was combined with the opening of a new, three-story laboratory building, apart from the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis providing space for the laboratories working on nanostructures and microfluidics, and also in part for the CHEMIPAN R&D Laboratories, operating as part of the IPC PAS and synthesising chemicals used for protection of the environment.

The analysis of materials surface properties plays a substantial role in science and industry. Even tiny amounts of impurities in a solid, on a few molecules per million scale, may emerge out of the material and cover its surface. The layer resulting from such a segregation significantly modifies the properties of the sample. At present, the equipment at the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis allows for analysing physico-chemical properties of even only two the most external atomic layers of the sample. The results of the analyses are used, for instance, in materials engineering and electronics.

The most essential equipment of the Centre include: a PHI 5000 VersaProbe multi-chamber spectrometer, an ESCALAB-210 spectrometer, a NanoSEM 450 scanning electron microscope, a MICROLAB 350 scanning Auger microanalyser, and an Autolab PGSTAT302N Electrochemical System for Corrosion Studies.

"At present, the Centre provides over a dozen surface science techniques for studying the surfaces of solids, including photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger spectroscopy, tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and others. It's quite a unique mix of methods used in a single ultra high vacuum", says Prof. Aleksander Jab?o?ski, the head of the MCSA. "It's also noteworthy that our equipment will be recorded in the ELAD an electronic laboratory equipment database, designed for the use by small and medium-size enterprises and research institutions cooperating under the Mazovian Valley of Green Chemistry project", he adds.

Much of the measurement time at the MCSA is devoted to orders from scientific and research institutions belonging to the NANOBIOM consortium, working on application of quantum semiconductor nanostructures in biology and medicine. "At present, 40% of the research time is related to the commissioned work, more and more often for the industry. All in all, we collaborated with nearly one hundred external organisations. And it's to be remembered that we are also doing our own research using our equipment", stresses Prof. Jab?o?ski.

The opening ceremony of the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis was attended by the representatives of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the local self-government authorities, the Mazovian Valley of Green Chemistry and representatives of over a dozen higher education institutions and research and scientific organisations including the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the PAS, the Institute of Physics of the PAS, the Institute of High Pressure Physics of the PAS, the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, the Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, the Pharmaceutical Research Institute, the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw University, and Military University of Technology.

This press release was prepared thanks to the NOBLESSE grant under the activity "Research potential" of the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union.

###

The Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences was established in 1955 as one of the first chemical institutes of the PAS. The Institute's scientific profile is strongly related to the newest global trends in the development of physical chemistry and chemical physics. Scientific research is conducted in nine scientific departments. CHEMIPAN R&D Laboratories, operating as part of the Institute, implement, produce and commercialise specialist chemicals to be used, in particular, in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. The Institute publishes approximately 200 original research papers annually.

CONTACTS:

Prof. Robert Ho?yst
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
tel. +48 22 3433123
email: rholyst@ichf.edu.pl

Prof. Aleksander Jab?o?ski
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
tel. +48 22 3433331
email: ajablonski@ichf.edu.pl

RELATED LINKS:

http://ichf.edu.pl/res/res_pl/labs/mcap/mcap_pl.html

Website of the Mazovian Centre for Surface Analysis.

http://www.ichf.edu.pl/

Website of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

http://www.ichf.edu.pl/press/

Press releases of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the PAS.

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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/iopc-sat112712.php

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